Research on Austrlian finance option , Financial ratio analysis

Research on Austrlian finance option , Financial ratio analysis

 

 

 

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT

STUDENT NAME

STUDENT ID

SUBMISSION DATE

 

 

SL  NO	CONTENT	PAGE NO
1		C3
2	Research on Austrlian finance option	8
3	Financial ratio analysis	11
4	Critical Assessment	13
5	Risk Analysis	16
6	References	18

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Feasibility studies

Real estate development involves the advancement of capital assets and could predict the positiveness of cash flow to retain the value. The project could subject to financial analysis. Discount cash flow is a financial tool that helps in analyzing whether a project will generate profit and adjust to risks. More features are concentration on potential assets, risk nature, cash flow, etc. Discounted cash flow is a framework for housing development projects. It has advantages over conventional methods like cap rate analysis and front and back door analysis etc. Different rents and leases will create changes in cash flow. Leases are considered as variables that could change the gross income. Indexed leases could constitute operating expenses, trigger changes, net final value, and other charges.

 

DCF Input Assumptions : -

Some assumptions vary on a project to projects. Others include the mortgage payment, equity return, market conditions, investor requirements, etc. Some of the equity factor assumptions are items related to equity discount rate, marginal tax rate, reinvestment rate, etc.(Lanier et.al,2008). Some of them include periodic tax shelter, terminal value, etc. The income tax rate which is assumed by the investor. The assumed rate of return after a certain period.it is also important to distinguish between the land and building improvement that affects the income tax of the property. The implicit value of the land may be considered and the total cost allocated including the soft cost of ancillary structures which could be depreciated.

Feasibility Model

Two feasibility models are taken into consideration here

1. Graphical unelevaraged DCF model
2. Graphical leveraged DCF model

 

1.Graphical unelevaraged DCF model

Here net income level is likely to change and the rate of return is simplified here. A pattern of NI is studied in which it projects experience and uneven expenses on operation items for annual receipts. Here the calculation of lumpsum activities is done first and the present value is estimated. A positive lump sum is a major factor in which an investor is benefitted. It often leads to Tax net reversion or Net reversion which is calculated by net income capitalization. The investor is likely to pay the expected money at any point in time. The exit cap rate is also considered here which draws to sales expenses and capital gains. Lump-sum receipt in the future is returned and aggregated with present value. This model is also known as an equity justified model.

 

 

Fig 1 : Graphical unelevaraged DCF model

 

2.Graphical leveraged DCF model

 

A DCF model adds a main layer of precision to the analysis including features of income tax returns to arrive at a more crucial view from an investor's point of view. Tax deductions contribute to the reduction of NI to taxable amount allowing various tax benefits and associated charges.

Income tax estimated are converted to after-tax cash flow which covers allowances and nondeductible charges. Here as leverage is included, net reversion is computed as total sales price minus expenses, outstanding principal balance, and mortgages, etc. (Blocket.al,2000).

 

 

Fig 2 : Graphical levaraged DCF model

 

 

I)100 % equity case : -

 

Sensitivity and scenario analysis

 

 

 

ii)Borrowing 80 % total cost for site and development

 

Sensitivity and scenario analysis : -

 

 

Iii) Borrowing 80 % total cost for site and 60 % for development

 

 

Sensitivity and scenario analysis : -

 

 

 

Assessment 2a - Research on Australian finance markets

Australian finance options

 

Real estate investment Trust : -

RIET has strong notions in the financial crisis. Changing the market environment and its effects are to be evolving in the market to produce returns for investors. No specific rules have been insisted by RIET in Australia. From the point of view of income tax petitioners the system is classified as managed investment trusts.

RIET’S FINANCIAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Capital requirements

For RIET ASX requirements shall meet. A foreign investor should not hold more than 10 % interest. A RIET could be listed or unlisted.

 

There are four example of evaluation of financial data

Some of them includes

 REIT DIVIDENTS

LTM EARNINGS PER SHARE

BOOK VALUE PER SHARE

CORE EARNINGS PER SHARE

 

1. REIT DIVIDENDS: - This is one of the finest methods in evaluating real estate investments in Australia. The companies and industries shall distribute over more than 90 percent of taxable gain as dividends.RIET ‘s should not be cross-checked if it's considered as a crucial strategy in evaluating the investments.

2. LTM Earning per share: - As the name indicates LTM refers to the last twelve-month share. It's a tool that is considered to measure the performance of the company. twelve months is more than enough to analyze the market impacts, price, and other seasonal changes. It is useful for annual reporting.

3. Book value per share: book value indicates the measurement of assets by deducting liabilities. Year to year evaluation finds trends over multi-year.

4. Core earning per share: - Accounting of core earnings is necessary to provide investors a measure of operating performances. Revenue produced by the company and deduction of expenses and activities is entertained. It provides a clear vision to investors and management related to core business on an ongoing basis.(Lau et.al,2010).

 Limitation :

This method could not be used when high precision is required. So the comparison between the different companies is not possible. The inflation case is not considered. Economical and other conditions cant be adequately analyzed.

 

Equity and mortgage REIT: -

Here revenue generated through income, rents on real estate holdings are considered.

 

Equity REITs could be sensitive to recessions. It can lead to less income and large vacancies.

Low-interest rates lead to huge borrowers

Mortgage REIT is subjected to high credit risk on investments.

 

 

Financial ratio Analysis

 

Financial Analysis database was used for the period from 2003-2208. Thirty-four real estate firms were included in the study. The list of financial records was done after 2020. Different ratio analyses were used to compute leverage. Most popular was related to assets, debt, and equity. The probability of repayment of debts is a useful concern to be raised. Book value data plays a crucial role as it enables managers to decide dept or capital structure is considered based on data of book value. Leverage measurement was based on interest ratio, long term, and short term debt assets.RIET and its advancements were responsible for internationalization to improve diversification. In international expansion pay and repay of debts play a crucial role. In international RIET has an excellent level of 50 % in comparison with the average debt level. Listed property company and leverage have direct relationships. Growth opportunity and risk in operations has an inverse relationship with leverage.International operations have convenient negativity with low levels.

Fig 3 : RIET Equity capital raising

 

 

Table 1 : RIET Bond insurance

 

Table 2 : RIET Seasoned equity issues

 

 

Fig 4 : RIET seasoned equity issues

 

 

Table 3 : RIET Seasoned equity issues

 

 

 

 

 

Table 4 :expected sign of leverage determinants

 

 

 

Table 5 :Descriptive statistics

 

 

 

 

Table 6 :Correlation coefficients

 

 

 

 

Table 7 :LSDV Regression results

 

 

 

CRITICAL ASSESSMENT

 

The Major factor that was assessed was the leverage that whether it was short or long term. The difference in cost between long term and short term in debts is a major element in growth in assets, interest, and other size variables. Short term debts could reduce repayment problems and risks caused due to insolvency. Asset tangibility appears to be of long term debt. It reverses the relation between growth in assets on leverage. In the case of high liquidity, it was noticed that short term debt is highly prioritized across the sample period

 

Assessment 2b

 

Financing strategy : Quarry land - Brief Analysis

 

Moorebank quarry sells around 60 percent of products are sold external and provides products to the council and infrastructure. The numerous borrow pits that are operated across the Central Highlands region, which

provide product exclusively to Council for its infrastructure activities.

 

Table : Actual financial performance of quarry land

 

As per the 2018 -2019 financial reports, the operating expense was negatively beneath $ 420000. If these movements were reconsidered, then net earnings could be in a gain of $ 300,000. Net earnings were estimated at $ 130,000 which compares to the budgeted net earning which was negative of $550000. In the coming year, the higher officials shall realize profitable objectives a pressure for product prices across the region. Statements for operating and expenses are produced at quarter intervals for the quarry. Presently there is no inclusion of tax payment, if quarry runs positive there should be a return in the capital which will be considered as a dividend. Statements shall be reconstructed by considering the effects as follows.

 

 

Financing strategies

 

The balance sheet should contain all relevant information regarding capital structure, equity, debt, depreciation, and financial costs. All information regarding inflows and outflows is only understood with the help of proper datasheets.Depreciation expenses shall be analyzed properly to maintain positive operating results. depreciation factors should be estimated with the utmost care and these shall be determined and proper factors shall be reviewed.

 

• Initial accounting recognition; 

• Valuation or re-valuation of the site improvement asset class. It is recommended that 

 

The business unit shall consider a five-year cycle for the revaluation of the assets. Costs to undertake revaluation and establish stability in assets and depreciation expenses year by year. The business units shall consider for the decisions in annual valuation and aligns with the policy of the council which supports the annual indexation of valuation.

 

 

• Useful life/remaining useful life estimates. Consider undertaking a benchmarking 

exercise on the useful lives of assets of a similar nature and revising the policy accordingly. 

Also check the approach for remaining useful life assessment, taking into consideration 

renewal, improvement and upgrade expenditure; and 

 

• Capitalisation threshold. Review the “site improvements” financial asset class and 

Assets which are beyond the threshold is identified 

Long Term Financial Planning 

Year financial plan is considered and it plays a major role in improving the financial stability of business units and suggests correct strategies and implement it.

long-term financial plans for the business units so they can be readily updated and kept current 

in the face of any material changes in business dynamics or assumptions. This enables the business unit managers and Council to be making real-time decisions relating to commercial performance.Central Highlands Regional Council 45 Quarry Business Plan Such plans should: 

 

They shall be properly structured to financial statements.

Proper financial models could be established

Focus on forecasting capital profits and costs

The minimum period of quarry shall be five years

Worst case scenario option

Break-even option .

Revenue stretch option shall be studied.

The financial model could be used for investment planning and earning purposes.

The modeling can be used for investment planning on new revenue-earning opportunities for the Quarry. 

 

 

 

From the quarry’s perspective, it's necessary to establish some policies for financial sustainability which includes

Clear definition of commercial outcomes

Clearly defining all expenses, additional costs and planned value for

Robustness of financial policies

Clear service potential to assets may be established

Any additional cost of potential and cost of depreciation

Ensuring financial stability for service potential assets

Procurement of funds for financial stability

 The commercial expectation of quarry

Correct competition policy that is addressed for accounting

Corporate overheads shall be assessed with a proper tactical approach

Review of commercial policies for financial stability at year-end.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Presentation including risk analysis

 

 

Fig 5 : operating performance

 

 

 

 

 

Fig 6 - Operating performance

 

 

 

 

 

Fig 7 - Fiscal flexibility

 

 

 

Fig 8 - Fiscal flexibility

 

 

 

 

Fig 9 - Asset sustainability

 

 

Fig 10 - Debt measures

 

Fig 11-control panel

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Calculation of weighted Average

 

Weighted average cost capital calculation

Risk free rate represented on 20 year bond was 3.3% , beta value - 0.51, average annual total return over 90 years is 9.8 % , From balance sheet 2019 total shareholder equity was $ 77.87 billion. Long term debt $ 36.83 billion

 

 

 

 

Sensitivity and scenario analysis

 

 

Fig 12 - Sensitivity and scenario analysis

 

 

Fig 13 - Sensitivity and scenario analysis

 

 

 

 

Discounted cash flow model

Fig 14 - DCF

 

 

Fig 15 - DCF CNTD

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

REFERENCES : -

 

• Block, Stanley B, Geoffrey A. Hirt, and J D. Short. Foundations of Financial Management. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2000. Print.

 

 

• Lanier, C. D. Jr. & Saini, A. (2008). Understanding consumer privacy: A review and future directions. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 12(2), 1-45. Retrieved from http://www.amsreview.org/articles/lanier02-2008.pdf

 

• Lau, C. (2010). A step forward: Ethics education matters! Journal of Business Ethics, 92(4), 565-584. doi:10.1007/s10551-009-0173-2